{"id":38,"date":"2012-09-08T23:15:56","date_gmt":"2012-09-08T23:15:56","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-01-05T11:10:25","modified_gmt":"2019-01-05T11:10:25","slug":"ban-tho-thien-chua-293","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/timhieutinlanh.com\/thanhoc\/ban-tho-thien-chua-293\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0n Th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hu\u1ef3nh Christian Timothy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1eabn Nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 l\u00ean th\u1ea7n linh, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Danh t\u1eeb b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh, trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00ea-b\u01a1-r\u01a1 (Hebrew) l\u00e0 \u201cmizbe\u0302ach,\u201d H4196, ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ebft th\u1ecbt th\u00fa v\u1eadt,\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Hy-l\u1ea1p (Greek) l\u00e0 \u201cthusiaste\u0304rion,\u201d G2379, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng sinh t\u1ebf.\u201d C\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m \u00fd l\u00e0 sinh m\u1ea1ng (m\u00e1u) v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a con v\u1eadt b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf l\u1ec5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi b\u00e0n th\u1edd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng b\u00e1nh, b\u1ed9t, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y, d\u1ea7u, r\u01b0\u1ee3u, v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u00e0n th\u1edd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ef9 ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0n th\u1edd c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1eadp B\u00e0n Th\u1edd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa qua s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 4 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Ca-in v\u00e0 A-b\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ca-in v\u00e0 A-b\u00ean l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd. H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau, sau c\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee5t, N\u00f4-\u00ea l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau l\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 8:20). Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ghi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 N\u00f4-\u00ea d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m sau N\u00f4-\u00ea, \u00c1p-ram (v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u00c1p-ra-ham), I-s\u00e1c, con c\u1ee7a \u00c1p-ram, v\u00e0 Gia-c\u1ed1p, con c\u1ee7a I-s\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00c1p-ram l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd th\u1edd Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1i Si-chem sau khi Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd ban cho d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i \u00f4ng x\u1ee9 Ca-na-an (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 12:7). Si-chem c\u00e1ch Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem kho\u1ea3ng 82 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00c1p-ram di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ea-t\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n danh Ch\u00faa (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 12:7-8). B\u00ea-t\u00ean c\u00e1ch Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem kho\u1ea3ng 12 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201cc\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n danh Ch\u00faa\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00faa. Sau khi ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd v\u1edbi L\u00f3t, \u00c1p-ram l\u1ea1i di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ebfp-r\u00f4n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd th\u1edd Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 13:18). H\u1ebfp-r\u00f4n c\u00e1ch Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem kho\u1ea3ng 37km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. Trong ba l\u1ea7n \u00c1p-ram l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd, Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt g\u00ec hay kh\u00f4ng. S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 15 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u00c1p-ram d\u00e2ng sinh t\u1ebf theo l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ghi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh ghi l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u00c1p-ram l\u00e0 khi \u00f4ng v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa d\u1ea1y, d\u00e2ng I-s\u00e1c, con trai m\u00e0 Ch\u00faa h\u1ee9a ban cho \u00f4ng, l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 22:9). L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00c1p-ram d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi \u00c1p-ra-ham qua \u0111\u1eddi \u00edt l\u00e2u, I-s\u00e1c di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ea-e S\u00ea-ba. Trong \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i B\u00ea-e S\u00ea-ba, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hi\u1ec7n ra, ban l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a cho I-s\u00e1c. I-s\u00e1c l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd, c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n danh Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 26:23-25). Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ghi I-s\u00e1c c\u00f3 d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ghi lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c I-s\u00e1c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd. B\u00ea-e S\u00ea-ba c\u00e1ch Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem kho\u1ea3ng 74km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam.<\/span><\/p>\n

Con trai th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a I-s\u00e1c l\u00e0 Gia-c\u1ed1p, (sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean), sau khi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n 14 n\u0103m, l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u1ea1o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec quay v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Si-chem thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 Ca-na-an, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cEn-\u00ean-\u00f4-h\u00ea I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean\u201d (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 33:20). Sau \u0111\u00f3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n cho \u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 B\u00ea-t\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Gia-c\u1ed1p v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa, v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i B\u00ea-t\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00can-b\u00ea-t\u00ean, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a B\u00ea-t\u00ean\u201d (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd 35:7). Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ghi vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2ng t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Gia-c\u1ed1p khi \u00f4ng l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 400 n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1446 TCN, M\u00f4i-se \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Ai-c\u1eadp. V\u1eeba ra kh\u1ecfi Ai-c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai th\u00e1ng, d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi d\u00e2n A-ma-l\u00e9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, M\u00f4i-se \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0 c\u1edd x\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd 17:15). Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c M\u00f4i-se c\u00f3 d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd. Th\u00e1ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eafng Si-na-i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Si-na-i, th\u00ec M\u00f4i-se l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 l\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd 24:4). D\u00f9 Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 M\u00f4i-se \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 ban cho M\u00f4i-se tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 ch\u01b0a qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebdo, g\u1ecdt:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y l\u1eadp cho Ta m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau, c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 th\u00f9 \u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ho\u1eb7c chi\u00ean hay b\u00f2. Ph\u00e0m n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ghi nh\u1edb danh Ta, Ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1eadp cho Ta m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, ch\u1edb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 ch\u1ea1m, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 ra \u00f4 u\u1ebf\u201d<\/em>(Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd 20:24-25).<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vun cao l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 nung th\u00e0nh g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh. D\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m g\u1ea1ch. B\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c do s\u1ef1 x\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00ean nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebdo, g\u1ecdt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean ch\u1ea1m, kh\u1eafc c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed cho b\u00e0n th\u1edd, theo th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m cho b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Khi d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng M\u00f4-\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-ri-c\u00f4, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a Ca-na-an, th\u00ec Ba-l\u00e1c l\u00e0 vua c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n M\u00f4-\u00e1p, kinh s\u1ee3 d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean. Ba-l\u00e1c b\u00e8n thu\u00ea Ba-la-am l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u01a1n ti\u00ean tri, \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ee7a s\u1ea3 d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean. Ba-la-am ba l\u1ea7n trong ba n\u01a1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ba-l\u00e1c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3y b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng d\u00e2ng sinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u00fd Ng\u00e0i (D\u00e2n S\u1ed1 K\u00fd 23:1, 14, 29). Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng ghi r\u00f5 Ba-l\u00e1c cho l\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-\u0111anh, ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a, M\u00f4i-se truy\u1ec1n cho h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng, sau khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng sinh t\u1ebf l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va (Ph\u1ee5c Truy\u1ec1n Lu\u1eadt L\u1ec7 K\u00fd 27:4-6). Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi h\u00e0nh l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4i-se, l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u00ca-banh, d\u00e2ng tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va (Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 8:30-31).<\/span><\/p>\n

Sau khi d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean ti\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm x\u1ee9 Ca-na-an v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ea5t, th\u00ec chi ph\u00e1i Ru-b\u00ean, chi ph\u00e1i G\u00e1t, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda chi ph\u00e1i Ma-na-se \u1edf l\u1ea1i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-\u0111anh, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i x\u1ee9 Ca-na-an, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p nhau l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd r\u1ea5t cao l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-\u0111anh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, th\u1edd l\u1ea1y t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, n\u00ean k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n h\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c sinh t\u1ebf cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va. C\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 lui binh. Chi ph\u00e1i Ru-b\u00ean v\u00e0 chi ph\u00e1i G\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho b\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ebet,\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb\u201d (Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea 22). Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u1ebet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u00ca-banh, \u1edf b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-\u0111anh, do Gi\u00f4-su\u00ea cho d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi c\u00e1c quan x\u00e9t, Gh\u00ea-\u0111\u00ea-\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa sai l\u00e0m quan x\u00e9t, gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ma-\u0111i-an. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 do thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va l\u00e0m ra, Gh\u00ea-\u0111\u00ea-\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 run s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va Sa-lam,\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va b\u00ecnh an\u201d (C\u00e1c Quan X\u00e9t 6:24). Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00f3, Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ph\u00e1n b\u1ea3o Gh\u00ea-\u0111\u00ea-\u00f4n l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd cho Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 (C\u00e1c Quan X\u00e9t 6:25). R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, b\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u1eadp tr\u00ean ch\u00f3t \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0 l\u00fac ban ng\u00e0y Gh\u00ea-\u0111\u00ea-\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecdn th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u1eddi thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va, nh\u01b0ng thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1eady c\u1ea7m n\u01a1i tay v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u00e0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ed1c l\u00ean thi\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u1ee9c \u0103n (C\u00e1c Quan X\u00e9t 6:19-21). V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00e0n th\u1edd n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u00e0n th\u1edd m\u00e0 Gh\u00ea-\u0111\u00ea-\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp l\u00fac ban ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va Sa-lam.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ed7i khi Th\u00e1nh Kinh kh\u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u00ec th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, v\u00ec d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Quan X\u00e9t \u0111o\u1ea1n 13 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, cha c\u1ee7a Sam-s\u00f4n l\u00e0 Ma-n\u00f4-a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean s\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va b\u00e1o tin v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Sam-s\u00f4n. Ma-n\u00f4-a \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Kinh g\u1ecdi h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u00ean tri Sa-mu-\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va t\u1ea1i Ra-ma, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 (I Sa-mu-\u00ean 7:17). Ra-ma c\u00e1ch Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem kho\u1ea3ng 12 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vua Sau-l\u01a1 sau khi th\u1eafng d\u00e2n Phi-li-tin m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn oanh li\u1ec7t c\u0169ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va (I Sa-mu-\u00ean 14:35).<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, sau khi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng chi ph\u00e1i B\u00ean-gia-min, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ea1i B\u00ea-t\u00ean (C\u00e1c Quan X\u00e9t 21:4).<\/span><\/p>\n

Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd, d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 b\u00ecnh an cho \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va t\u1ea1i s\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00faa c\u1ee7a A-rau-na \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ng\u01b0ng gi\u00e1ng tai h\u1ecda d\u1ecbch h\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean d\u00e2n I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean (II Sa-mu-\u00ean 18, 25).<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u00ean Tri \u00ca-li d\u00f9ng 12 h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho 12 chi ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a I-s\u01a1-ra-\u00ean, d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va (I C\u00e1c Vua 18:31-32).<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i B\u00e0n Th\u1edd<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, trong Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd 20:24-25 ghi l\u1ea1i l\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa r\u1eb1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp b\u00e0n th\u1edd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebdo, g\u1ecdt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0n th\u1edd l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Ri\u00eang b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ec1u t\u1ea1m) trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a, trong th\u1eddi c\u00e1c quan x\u00e9t, th\u1eddi Vua Sau-l\u01a1, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Vua \u0110a-v\u00edt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd t\u1ea1i Gi\u00ea-ru-sa-lem t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Vua sa-l\u00f4-m\u00f4n, th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Trong \u0111\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u00f3 b\u00e0n th\u1edd d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u00e0n th\u1edd d\u00e2ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. B\u00e0n Th\u1edd D\u00e2ng C\u1ee7a L\u1ec5 Thi\u00eau<\/strong><\/strong><\/span>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"
    \n <\/span><\/p>\n

    H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda b\u00e0n th\u1edd d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 c\u00e2y si-tim, b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng pha, <\/span>nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong Xu\u1ea5t \u00ca-d\u00edp-t\u00f4 K\u00fd 27:1-8 [1]<\/span><\/p>\n

    B\u00e0n th\u1edd d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 thi\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 c\u00e2y si-tim, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u201ckeo,\u201d b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng pha v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n